Can be divided into two group:
1. Organic compounds (Organic compounds are compounds that contain carbon)
2. inorganic componuds (Inorganic compunds are compounds that generally do not contain carbon)
The importance of organic compounds In the cell
1. Carbohydrate
- Supply energy for cell processes
- A means of storing energy
- Give structural cell wall
- Store large amounts of energy over long period of time
- Acts as an energy source
- Acts as source of metabolic water
- Reduce the loss of water by evaporation
- Form enzyme which catalyse chemical reactions
- Form hormones which control growth and metabolism
- contain the genetic information of cell
- Play a vital role in protein synthesis
Carbohydrate (made up of carbon,hydrogen,oxygen)
- Monosaccharides
- Called a simple sugar
- Example of monosaccharides: glucose,fructose(fruit sugar) and galactose
- Monosaccharides are sweet-tasting crystalline substances which are soluble in water
- Disaccharides
- It formed from combining of monosaccharides together with the elimination of a molecule of water known as condensation
- Called as double sugars.
- Can broken down their constituent by a chemical reaction involving the addition of water known as hydrolysis
- example of disaccharides: maltose,lactose,sucrose
- Polysaccharides
- Monosaccharide molecules can be added by a series of condensation reactions to form a very large molecules
- Polysaccharides are polymers of monosaccharides monomer
- Large of size of polysaccharides makes them more or less insoluble in water
- They are do not sweet and cannot be crystallised
- Example: starch,glycogen,cellulose
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Test for reducing sugar by using a benedict's solution. When the solution is not reducing sugar, brick-red precipitate will not formed
Example of redusing sugar :Glucose,fructose,galactose,maltose,lactose
Sucrose is not a reducing sugar because it gives a negative benedict's test
